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India’s pharmaceutical sector is expanding beyond its traditional role as the “pharmacy of the world,” with more than 55 global capability centres (GCCs) and over 3 lakh jobs created in recent years. These centres, once focused on routine support tasks, have evolved into strategic hubs for innovation, research and development, regulatory functions and advanced analytics, driven by technology and the need for cost-effective solutions.
The growth of these centres reflects a broader shift from simple manufacturing to higher-value work in the global life sciences value chain. Most of the GCCs are clustered in Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Mumbai, attracting top global pharma players and millions of dollars in investment. Many multinational companies now use India as a base for AI-driven drug discovery, clinical trial optimisation and regulatory affairs.
India’s large talent pool, strong digital infrastructure and competitive cost structure make it attractive for global research and innovation work. While the move up the value chain is significant, industry leaders note challenges remain, especially in fostering fundamental innovation and improving intellectual property protections. Continued focus on these areas could help India secure a deeper role in global pharmaceutical strategy and innovation, rather than primarily serving cost or support functions.
